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Oman is home to a tapestry of native tribes, each unique in its cultural heritage, traditions, and history. The social and political foundation of the nation has historically been greatly influenced by its tribal structure. Traditionally, tribes in Oman function hierarchically, with a tribal leader or sheikh at the top. These leaders are essential to sustaining social order and settling conflicts within the tribe. The tribes celebrate unique festivals and traditions frequently connected to significant life events like marriages, anniversaries, and religious holidays. Poetry, dances, and traditional music are often performed during these gatherings. Every tribe has its conventional garment designs which are frequently identified by the hues, needlework, and cuts. Oman is widely recognized for its distinct crafts, which include textiles, pottery and silver jewellery that often feature tribal elements.
Major Tribes of Oman
Al Harasis Tribe

In the heart of Oman’s desert lies the remote and migratory Bedouin tribe known as the Harasis (Al Harasis). They are thought to have settled in Oman in the second or third century AD. They maintain genealogical ties to the Qahtani, one of the two main historical tribal ancestries of the Bedouin people of Oman. The Hinawi tribe likewise shares the political ties of the Harasis tribe. The tribe currently comprises 5,000 members in Oman. Some people view them as embodying the core and essence of traditional Omani identity, given their strength and independence.
Located in the vast gravel and desert plain of Jiddat il-Harasis, Oman, the Harasis tribe marks the boundary between the southern Dhofar region and northern Oman. This dessert is quite hot and dry, particularly during the summer season. Some Harasis have settled in the central desert cities, especially in the city of Haima and its surrounding areas.
Lifestyle of Al Harasis
Al Harasis tribe has long been recognized for leading a nomadic lifestyle and pastoral farming, which is primarily based on camel herding. In the past, they have wandered the desert in search of water and pasture for their livestock. The tribe’s primary location (Jiddat al-Harasis), is characterized by its harsh desert environment. They have adapted to living in the desert despite the difficult circumstances, exhibiting incredible perseverance and survival abilities. Goats and camels are typically raised and bred for their milk. Goat herds are owned and managed by women of the tribe, whereas men of the tribe own and manage camels. There is a belief within the tribe that the well-being of the family is connected to the well-being of the herd. Men dress in traditional white robes, turbans, and adornments such as belts and khanjar knives. Women wear black robes and traditional Bedu face masks.
In all of Oman, the Harasis people are the most isolated tribe. They take immense pride in their resilience, ferocious independence, and capacity for survival in the absence of water. Their complete social and political isolation is often associated with their identity. The primary languages are Arabic and Harusi language.
Food Culture of Al Harasis
The tribe of the desert have created unique culinary practices. They centre on the difficulties of preparing food under hostile and dry conditions. Their creativity, resourcefulness and deep connection to nature have greatly influenced the development of a distinct gastronomic culture. One such technique is the mastery of underground cooking known as zarb or mandi.

In Zarb, a deep trench is dug in the sand and lined with heated rocks. Large, covered pots containing a mixture of vegetables and meat such as lamb or chicken are buried in the pit. The food is slowly cooked for several hours by the rocks and sand heat, giving it rich flavours and meat that melts in your mouth.
Al-Bu Said Tribe

The Al Said dynasty, sometimes referred to as the Al Bu Said tribe, is a prominent and historically influenced family in Oman. Since the middle of the 18th century, the tribe has ruled Oman and still does so now. The Al Bu Said dynasty was founded by Imam Ahmad bin Said Al Bu Said in 1744. Oman changed from being mostly a tribal civilization to a more centralized kingdom under the Al Bu Said dynasty. The dynasty’s main goals were to strengthen its position of authority and spread its influence throughout Oman and into the Indian Ocean.
Lifestyle of Al Bu Said
Like many other reigning families, the Al Bu Said dynasty has been influenced by a combination of their religious beliefs, cultural background, and the obligations that come with being in a position of power. Like the majority of Omanis, the Al Bu Said practices Ibadi Islam. The family has a significant influence over Oman’s governance. As the head of the state, the Sultan is essential to decision-making, diplomacy, and monitoring national growth
Food Culture of Al Bu Said

The Al Bu Said family’s food culture, like much of Oman, is deeply rooted in traditional Omani cuisine, which reflects the country’s rich history, numerous influences, and geographical position. As part of their traditions, food plays a central role in hospitality and functions. Royal banquets often present extensive traditional Omani dishes alongside international cuisine when hosting foreign dignitaries. The family’s signature dishes include Shuwa (lamb or goat wrapped in banana or palm leaves), Majboos (A rice-based dish with meat), Mashuai (A roasted kingfish) and Harees (Wheat and meat cooked until porridge consistency).
Al Duru Tribe

The Al Duru tribe is one of Oman’s most notable tribes, mostly found in the country’s middle and eastern regions. This tribe is enriched in cultural legacy and has made significant contributions to Oman’s history and social fabric. The tribe primarily resides in the Al Dhahirah region, which borders the Empty Quarter desert. Like other Omani tribes, Al Duru has a strong sense of community and tribal identity which influences local social structure and governance. The tribal leaders often serve as meditators, promoting social harmony within the community.
Lifestyle of Al Duru
Like many Bedouin tribes in Oman, the lifestyle of the Al Duru tribe is deeply rooted in traditional customs, shaped by their environment and history. Originally, the Al Duru tribe was mostly nomadic, wandering through Oman’s desert regions, but the tribe adapted to the arid, challenging environment, and relied on their extensive understanding of the landscape, seasonal weather cycles, and oases. Like the majority of Omanis, the Al Duru tribe are Muslims, predominantly following the Ibadi sect.
Food Culture of Al Duru

The Al Duru tribe’s food culture, like that of other Bedouin and Omani tribes, is influenced by the desert climate, available resources, and traditional customs passed down through generations. Their food is a mix of fundamental, hearty dishes influenced by their nomadic heritage, local products, and communal lifestyles. Their staple always includes Dates, Rice and Meat, and Flatbread (Raqaq and Khubz).
A Timeless Voyage of Oman

In modern Oman, tribal identity still matters in social and political life, but the government has attempted to foster a sense of national cohesion that goes beyond tribal ties. Several tribes engage in a variety of economic activities, ranging from trading and modern businesses to farming and fishing. Tribal leaders or sheikhs frequently contribute to the economic growth of their communities.
Alongside the native tribes, Oman also houses great historical port towns and sights. To read more, check out our website.